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This work presents a morpho-hydrodynamic model and a numerical approximation designed for the fast and accurate simulation of sediment movement associated with extreme events, such as tsunamis. The model integrates the well-established hydrostatic shallow-water equations with a transport equation for the moving bathymetry that relies on a bedload transport function. Subsequently, this model is discretized using the path-conservative finite volume framework to yield a numerical scheme that is not only fast but also second-order accurate and well-balanced for the lake-at-rest solution. The numerical discretization separates the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic components of the model but leverages the eigenstructure information to evolve the morphologic part in an upwind fashion, preventing spurious oscillations. The study includes various numerical experiments, incorporating comparisons with laboratory experimental data and field surveys. 

The analysis of the gender dynamics in scientific research and respective outputs is crucial for ensuring that science policy is inclusive and equitable. Similar to other research outputs such as publications and patents, open source software (OSS) projects are also developed by contributors from universities, government research institutions, and nonprofits, in addition to businesses. Despite its reach and continued rapid growth, reliable and comprehensive survey data on OSS does not exist, limiting insights into contributions by gender and policy- makers’ ability to assess trends in gender representation. Like in scientific research, the inclusion of diverse perspectives in software development enhances creativity and problem-solving. Using GitHub data, researchers have found positive correlations between gender diversity of an OSS development team and its productivity (Vasilescu et al., 2015; Ortu et al., 2017). Yet there is evidence of gender bias, with women facing higher standards to have their contributions accepted (Terrell et al., 2017; Imtiaz et al., 2019). This exploratory study aims to quantify gender differences in development and use (impact) of OSS using publicly available information collected from GitHub. We focus on software packages developed for programming language R, with the majority of contributors from academia. The paper asks (1) what are gender differences in the volume of contributions? (2) has gender representation shifted over time? (3) is there a correlation between the gender of contributors and the impact of a package? 

It is usually assumed that interaction potentials, in general, and atom-surface potential, in particular, can be expressed in terms of an expansion involving integer powers of the distance between the two interacting objects. Here, we show that, in the short-range expansion of the interaction potential of a neutral atom and a dielectric surface, logarithms of the atom-wall distance appear. These logarithms are accompanied with logarithmic sums over virtual excitations of the atom interacting with the surface in analogy to Bethe logarithms in quantum electrodynamics. We verify the presence of the logarithmic terms in the short-range expansion using a model problem with realistic parameters. By contrast, in the long-range expansion of the atom-surface potential, no logarithmic terms appear, and the interaction potential can be described by an expansion in inverse integer powers of the atom-wall distance. Several subleading terms in the large-distance expansion are obtained as a byproduct of our investigations. Our findings explain why the use of simple interpolating rational functions for the description of the atom-wall interaction in the intermediate regions leads to significant deviations from exact formulas. 

The MicroBooNE experiment is an 85 tonne active mass liquid argon time projection chamber neutrino detector exposed to the on-axis Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. One of MicroBooNE’s physics goals is the precise measurement of neutrino interactions on argon in the 1 GeV energy regime. Building on the capabilities of the MicroBooNE detector, this analysis identifies $K^{+}$mesons, a key signature for the study of strange particle production in neutrino interactions. This measurement is furthermore valuable for background estimation for future nucleon decay searches and for improved reconstruction and particle identification capabilities in experiments such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. In this Letter, we present the first-ever measurement of a flux-integrated cross section for charged-current muon neutrino induced $K^{+}$production on argon nuclei, determined to be $7.93\pm 3.22\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 2.83\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\times {10}^{-42}{\mathrm{cm}}^2/\mathrm{nucleon}$based on an analysis of $6.88\times {10}^{20}$protons on target. This result was found to be consistent with model predictions from different neutrino event generators within the reported uncertainties. 

Abstract The existence of three distinct neutrino flavours,ν_e,ν_μandν_τ, is a central tenet of the Standard Model of particle physics^1,2. Quantum-mechanical interference can allow a neutrino of one initial flavour to be detected sometime later as a different flavour, a process called neutrino oscillation. Several anomalous observations inconsistent with this three-flavour picture have motivated the hypothesis that an additional neutrino state exists, which does not interact directly with matter, termed as ‘sterile’ neutrino,ν_s(refs. ^3–9). This includes anomalous observations from the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND)³experiment and Mini-Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE)^4,5, consistent withν_μ → ν_etransitions at a distance inconsistent with the three-neutrino picture. Here we use data obtained from the MicroBooNE liquid-argon time projection chamber¹⁰in two accelerator neutrino beams to exclude the single light sterile neutrino interpretation of the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies at the 95% confidence level (CL). Moreover, we rule out a notable portion of the parameter space that could explain the gallium anomaly^6–8. This is one of the first measurements to use two accelerator neutrino beams to break a degeneracy betweenν_eappearance and disappearance, which would otherwise weaken the sensitivity to the sterile neutrino hypothesis. We find no evidence for eitherν_μ → ν_eflavour transitions orν_edisappearance that would indicate non-standard flavour oscillations. Our results indicate that previous anomalous observations consistent withν_μ → ν_etransitions cannot be explained by introducing a single sterile neutrino state.